Category Archives: Church health

God Gave Local Churches Broad Freedom, but a Few Boundaries

Francis Schaeffer
Francis Schaeffer

I mentioned Francis Schaeffer’s The Church at the End of the 20th Century a few days ago (see “What Will the Church Be Like 30 Years from 1970?”). Schaeffer is one of the great Christian philosopher-theologians of the preceding century. I’m reading the aforementioned 1970 book for the first time, and I promised to share more from its pages as I do.

Chapters 4 and 5 are titled “Form and Freedom in the Church” and “The Practice of Community and Freedom.” Schaeffer poses the question: “[What are] the boundary conditions set forth in the New Testament on the polity of the church?” In other words, what are the essential characteristics of the church which should be true of every local congregation, regardless of time, geography or culture. Schaeffer proposed eight “biblical norms” for the local church:

1. “There should be churches made up of Christians.” In other words, the existence of local churches is not optional. Acknowledgement of the universal Church (capital “C”) does not negate the mandate for the local church (lowercase “c”).

2. “Congregations met together in a special way on the first day of the week.” That is simply a statement of historical fact, which Schaeffer ties to the celebration of Christ’s resurrection.

3. “There are to be church officers (elders) who have responsibility for the local churches.” Among other Scriptures, Schaeffer mentions Acts 14:23: “They appointed elders in every church…” He also deduces from 1 Timothy 5:17 that there are two kinds of elders, those who preach and teach and those who do not.

4. “There should be deacons responsible for the community of the church in the area of material things.” Schaeffer references Acts 6:1-6. This would have greater significance to modern churches if meeting the material needs of members was a greater priority in the modern church. Schaeffer indicts the modern church on this score: “We have lost our way and ignore the tough stuff — the care of each other’s material needs.”

5. “The church is to take discipline seriously.”

6. “There are specific qualifications for elders and deacons.”

7. “There is a place for form on a wider basis than the local church.” Schaeffer does not elaborate much on this point, but I believe what he is trying to do is to establish a biblical precedent for denominational structure. He refers to the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15, where leaders from multiple churches gathered to clarify church doctrine.

8. “The two sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper are to be practiced.”

In listing these eight principles, Schaeffer’s intention was to identify all of the biblical “boundaries” for the local church, in order to thus identify the many areas of freedom which lie beyond those boundaries. He writes:

These are the New Testament forms commanded by God. These norms are not arbitrary – they are God’s form for the institutional, organized church and they are to be present in the 20th century as well as any century. Second, there are vast areas which are left free. There is form, and there is freedom … My primary point as we prepare for the end of the 20th century is, on the one hand, that there is a place for the institutional church and that it should maintain the form commanded by God, but, on the other hand, that this also leaves vast areas of freedom for change.

When Schaeffer wrote those words, Continue reading God Gave Local Churches Broad Freedom, but a Few Boundaries

What Will the Church Be Like 30 Years from 1970?

I have been reading Francis Schaeffer’s book, The Church at the End of the 20th Century. Schaeffer, the great evangelical philosopher-theologian who died in 1984, published the book in 1970. It has been on my shelf for years, but I am reading it now for the first time.

Part of the intrigue of reading this book in 2006, more than three decades after it was written, is to see how accurate Schaeffer was in identifying challenges that faced the church then and projecting how those trends would play out during the remainder of the century. In what I’ve read so far, Schaeffer is right on target and in some cases prophetic.

The Church at the End of the 20th Century is a follow-up to Schaeffer’s better known works, The God Who Is There (1968), and Escape From Reason (also 1968). Those books addressed the rise of relativism. This book considers the impact of relativism on the modern church.

Here is one excerpt (from Chapter 3) that caught my eye:

Suppose we awoke tomorrow morning and we opened our Bibles and found two things had been taken out… Suppose God had taken them out. The first item missing was the real empowering of the Holy Spirit, and the second item the reality of prayer. Consequently, following the dictates of Scripture, we would begin to live on the basis of this new Bible in which there was nothing about the power of the Holy Spirit and nothing about the power of prayer. Let me ask you something: what difference would there be from the way we acted yesterday?

It is a powerful question. It is a question for each believer to consider. But remember, Schaeffer’s focus in this book is the church. His question is an especially powerful and timely one for any modern church to consider.

Joe Carter at Evangelical Outpost has a good one-page summary of Schaeffer’s life and work. I will post more from The Church at the End of the 20th Century in coming days.

BOOK REVIEW

Why Men Hate Going to Church

I recently read David Murrow’s book, Why Men Hate Going to Church (2004, Thomas Nelson, Inc.). Despite the book’s numerous faults, Murrow has made one of the most important observations of this decade about church practices.

Why Men

Let’s get the negative out of the way first, and then get to substance. Murrow’s publisher should have brought in an editor, such as Terry Hull, to grind off some of the unpolished portions of what could have been a crystalline gemstone. Murrow is prone to unsupported overstatement (“The typical American man has only one friend, his wife.” At 120). Murrow makes inconsistent statements that are never reconciled.

He accuses churches of being anti-intellectual by discouraging questions and orderly debate. He then accuses churches of being dominated by book readers and Bible thumpers with whom “real men” cannot be comfortable because of their lack of education and their disdain of books. Which is it, is the church insulting our intelligence or overwhelming us with information that is over our heads? Personally, I am one church-going male who wouldn’t mind hearing more content from the pulpit that sounds like it has been informed by some academic study and is aiming above the 5th-grade intelligence level.

Murrow lurches between describing Christian men as immature, spiritually and emotionally, versus simply being bored, regardless of the level of their spiritual maturity, by the feminized church. Murrow wanders through pop psychology and brain chemistry, clearly lacking any qualification or study to support such meanderings. Then, worse, lacking any consultation, interviews or collaboration with the experts, he draws all sorts of inconsistent conclusions in an attempt to explain gender differences. Then he contradicts it all by claiming the reason church attendance by women is declining is because they are adopting male attributes as they become acclimated, or assimilated, in formerly male-dominated business environments.

Despite all these problems, Murrow is right that many churches have abandoned the Biblically described role as an assembly of believers and have become service companies with marketing departments rather than evangelistic programs. Murrow describes many churches as “sickly sweet,” feminine to the point of patronization, and attempting to communicate the Gospel using bedroom language and Top 40 love songs. Churches that do this make men uncomfortable, or bore them silly. Murrow is absolutely right.

Murrow claims the popular syndicated Christian radio network KLOVE has developed a model listener called “Kathy.” He claims “Kathy” is a soccer mom with a mini-van and 2.5 kids. He claims KLOVE is intentionally formatted to attract and hold Kathy as a listener, and that KLOVE staff meetings sometimes actually refer to her by name. As a result, KLOVE literally presents a “Top 40” Christian love song format, Murrow claims, that many church music programs then try to emulate, further alienating men.

Murrow does not go so far as to claim that the retirement of Petra was caused by the Manilowization of Christian music, but he does claim Christian men prefer “old time rock.” Murrow believes KLOVE and similar stations are influencing Christian worship by focusing on “Christian love songs” that reach women but put off men.

KLOVE’s website certainly reflects Murrow’s assertion. On June 10, 2006, at www.klove.com, the home page had several pictures of women, similar to what one might find on any woman’s magazine, and the only males were a prayer circle of soldiers at the bottom of the page that could be seen only by scrolling down a few screens. No rebuttal of Murrow’s assertion is offered on the website, and that is not surprising, given KLOVE’s “positive and encouraging” marketing spin. (KLOVE does post its financial statement and allows its finances to be reviewed by an outside organization, so it has my respect for that.)

Murrow did not mention Christian book publishers and dealers, but he could have. The Christian pulp fiction romance novel is in full bloom. While I’m not personally critical of or even interested in that trend, it is interesting that the genre has come to dominate the advertising and display space, and seems to further prove Murrow’s thesis.

The result, according to Murrow, is a spirituality about as challenging as fingerpainting and about as interesting as a bologna sandwich. The church, Murrow asserts, has become focused on “relationships,” provides only a tiny percentage of its budget to missions, and has abandoned the growing numbers of martyrs sacrificed for Christ around the globe. Even if he is wrong about the cause, Murrow is exactly right in his indictments. Far too many churches would have no defense to these charges.

Indeed, in too many churches, racism is not dead, and is now being expressed in hatred for immigrants, especially those not fluent in the King’s English. Meanwhile, those same churches often have no ministry even in their own operational areas to the black community, the Hispanic community or any Asian community. These churches do not Se Habla Espanol. The legal community has done a better job of learning Spanish than nearly all churches in all denominations — just look at the lawyer advertising in any telephone book in any city for the proof.

Having diagnosed the problem, Murrow, again brilliantly, suggests some of solutions. He thinks the church has gone silent, and thus, soft, on Satan. The result is there is no enemy to fight, so no need for Christian soldiers. There is no playing for keeps on any spiritual battlefield and the only threat is disease and old age, resulting in prayer and share times devoted to medical issues and loss of loved ones brought by a line of women dutifully traipsing up to the open microphone. Prayer is seldom if ever used for spiritual conquest. Murrow concludes that there is no need for lifeboats, no need for search-and-rescue missions, no need for Christian soldiers, and thus no need for men.

Murrow thinks part of the problem is that the male relationship, such as between Paul and Timothy, has been abandoned by most churches. There is no spiritual fatherhood and there is no mentoring (aka discipleship). After all, why prepare men for battles and wars that will never be fought? The closest most churches come to needing men is lawn care, parking lot control, and occasional construction projects — oh, and writing checks.

Murrow does not add another solution that seems obvious to me. Men should stop writing checks to churches that do these things, or should at least split their tithes and offerings. If more men wrote checks to KLOVE, maybe KLOVE would have to add “Frank” to their model listener category. It might be too late to bring back Petra, but who knows?

Checks could also be diverted, in whole or in part, away from these no longer glorified churches and paid to local Christian benevolence ministries, especially those that Se Habla Espanol and are not afraid of black people. Maybe Christian men can still teach their churches not to be afraid of the people who live a few miles away, as well as to care about the Christians imprisoned and executed in other parts of the world. Maybe churches might be forced to hire the lawn care done because their men are too busy ministering to the helpless, rescuing the captives from fortresses of sin, and building ladders and bridges so the lost can climb out of Hell before its too late.

A Cure for Christian Hedonism: Redesign the Church

In previous articles such as this one, I have been exploring the seemingly near fatal disease of materialism in the church — not just the materialism of individual church members, but materialism inherent in the outreach and programming of churches themselves. In challenging modern attitudes about church growth, I have gone further than to merely focus on mortar and brick and the Sunday morning variety show masquerading as worship. More to the heart of the problem, I have suggested that “Christian hedonism” is the result of our failure to develop believers trained and discipled in the Word. The epidemic affliction of the believer’s ability to be spiritual is real, progressively worsening, and spoils the lives of many believers.

The result is seen in the church. Many believers are constantly on the hunt for the next spiritual high, like an addict searching for a fix. Many believers are so spiritually depressed, they despair of ever feeling anything in worship, in Bible study, or in fellowship with other believers. The search for something to feel leads to the mentality of accepting anything that brings about a feeling, no matter how transitory. That forces churches into a constant state of hyper-marketing and hyper-entertaining, leaving them no resources to train believers, disciple believers or raise up leaders. Many believers have given up trying to feel something spiritual and just go through the motions. And, of course, many eventually abandon going through the motions.

The result is that there is very little that is miraculous about the life of the Christian. Christians in this state are forced to explain the lack of the miraculous as a reflection of God’s will, even though if pressed, the Christian has no idea what God’s will is, whether regarding the personal or the body corporate. Large churches hide this by creating events, spectacles and happenings, one after another, to entertain. The believers become paying audiences, and are essentially treated and measured as such by church leadership.

Having diagnosed the affliction of spiritual hedonism in the modern American church, I now propose the cure. It is a cure that is as old as the prophets and as certain as God’s Word. Churches must redesign themselves, elevating the importance of the Word and prayer by adding ministry staff whose sole purposes are to promote training in those two essential components of healthy spiritual life.

I have already discussed the importance of training Christians in the Word. “Graduation from Sunday School” is not whimsy; it is necessary. In addition, the church must train its members in the other ingredient of true spirituality: prayer. And in order to accomplish this increased emphasis on training Christians in the Word and in prayer, churches should add to their staff ministers called and trained in those areas.

In an earlier, simpler time, the senior pastor was perhaps viewed as the church’s specialist in the Word and in prayer, but those days are gone. The pastor of the modern American church is saddled with a full work load of duties that result from the church’s materialistic, hedonistic bent. The successful senior pastor must excel in entrepreneurship, management and marketing. When was the last time that a senior minister’s mastery of the Scriptures or the quality of his prayer were considered to any significant degree in his selection? No, what we want to know is how much attendance growth he was able to affect at his last church, and can he accomplish the same management and marketing miracles at our church. Continue reading A Cure for Christian Hedonism: Redesign the Church

Some Signs of a Materialistic Church

The Scriptures teach that materialism is risky, and can cause many harms. See, e.g., Eccl. 5:10-12 ( “Whoever loves money never has money enough; whoever loves wealth is never satisfied with his income.” [NIV]). Sermons about the risks of materialism are not uncommon. But is it possible for churches to become so materialistic that, like individuals, churches can be harmed by their own materialism? In our society, if we can comfortably prosecute corporations for criminal acts, if we can accuse corporations of greed, then is it so hard to believe that a local church, or even a denomination, can spiral out of control into materialism?

Even though the salaried clergy in a given church might not be materialistic in an individual sense, and might even preach against greed with great fervor, churches can still become both acquisitive and aggregators of wealth. One wag claimed that all church budgets are approved by voice vote. How often are larger sanctuaries bypassed in favor of ministering to the poor? How often are church budgets themselves tithed to missions and to aid the poor?

Isn’t it a fact that most evangelical church growth results in the abandonment of neighborhoods in a quest for the larger church on larger grounds? Why doesn’t church growth spawn new churches rather than larger buildings and grounds? It is because it is easier to raise money for brick and mortar than for programs and people.

I am not suggesting that expanding church facilities is always bad. But I am suggesting that it is always bad if the growth is accomplished at the sacrifice of higher values, like duties to needy people, evangelism and missions. The church, no less than its members, is commanded to be rich in good deeds, not assets (1 Tim. 6:18). Jesus condemned the false righteousness of those who fail to care for their own parents by claiming that the money that should have been spent to care for parents was unavailable because it had been dedicated to God (Luke 7:11-13). No less would Jesus condemn an expensive church building erected and “dedicated to God,” while needs of members, the community and the world are disregarded and unmet.

If finding the balance is hard, then the church should make the equation easy by erring in favor of meeting the needs of others and disregarding its own desires. If it is a close question, it is because of hard-heartedness brought on by materialism, rather than any desire to glorify Christ. If a church needs a cathedral to glorify Christ, the church will never glorify Christ and will never worship Him in the cathedral built of brick and mortar, because they have not first and foremost worshipped Him in spirit.

There may be some objective tests. Terry and I discussed some possible indicators of church materialism, although I take full responsibility for what follows.

1. If the church budget is not public, and less than 10% of the gross is devoted to the poor and less than a second 10% is devoted to missions (foreign or domestic), the materialism is probably rampant. A church that cannot even tithe should not be asking its members to do so.

2. If the church mortgage exceeds 25% of the average monthly income of the church, then the church has probably emphasized brick and mortar over people. Individuals are rarely allowed by the financial services industry to have a mortgage that exceeds 25% of their monthly income, so why should a church be different?

3. Most charities live and die by the rule that administrative expenses must not exceed 20% of income and that 80% must be used for the charitable purposes. Churches should live and die by a similar rule. Each church must develop its own version, but it would seem that an 80-20 rule, where 20% is devoted to missions and the poor, would seem to be a reasonable minimum standard. Should churches seek and receive “certification” of their stewardship, just as charities are certified as legitimate charities? Someday churches will seek such voluntary certification because highly mobile members will demand it.

4. Materialistic churches will confuse vacations with mission field ministry.

5. Materialistic churches will be prone to being personality dependent, focused only on the worship service as the main expression of their faith, and will count numbers but names and lives will never be fully known.